class vi geography chapter 2

CLASS VI GEOGRAPHY CH-2

GLOBE : LATITUDES AND LONGITUDES

1.Earth is not round but it is slightly flattened at the north and south poles and bulge in the middle.

2.globe is the true model of the earth.

3.globe has two pole upper one is called north pole and lower one is called south pole.The globe can be moved around west to east just as the earth moves.

4. Another imaginary line running on the globe divides it into two equal parts. This line is known as the equator. The northern half of the earth is known asthe Northern Hemisphere and the southern half is known as the Southern Hemisphere.

5. the equator is an imaginary circular line and is a very important reference point to locate places on the earth. All parallel circles from the equator up to the poles are called parallels of latitudes. Latitudes are measured in degrees.

6. 90 degrees north latitude marks the North Pole and 90 degrees south latitude marks the South Pole.

7. all parallels north of the equator are called ‘north latitudes.’ Similarly all parallels south of the equator are called ‘south latitudes.’

8. e four important parallels of latitudes–
(i) Tropic of Cancer (23.5­° N) in the Northern Hemisphere.

(ii) Tropic of Capricorn (23.5­° S) in the Southern Hemisphere.

 (iii) Arctic Circle at 66.5­° north of the equator.

(iv) Antarctic Circle at 66.5­° south of the equator.

The mid-day sun is exactly overhead at least once a year on all latitudes in between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn. This area receives the maximum heat and is called the Torrid Zone.

9. The angle of the sun’s rays goes on decreasing towards the poles.

10. the areas bounded by the Tropic of Cancer and the Arctic Circle in the Northern Hemisphere, and the Tropic of Capricorn and the Antarctic Circle in the Southern Hemisphere, have moderate temperatures. These are, therefore, called Temperate Zones.

10. Areas lying between the Arctic Circle and the North Pole in the Northern Hemisphere and the Antarctic Circle and the South Pole in the Southern Hemisphere, are very cold. It is because here the sun does not rise much above the horizon. These areas are called Frigid Zones.

11. the meridian which passed through Greenwich, where the British Royal Observatory is located. This meridian is called the Prime Meridian. The Prime Meridian and 180° meridian divide the earth into two equal halves, the Eastern Hemisphere and the Western Hemisphere. The longitude of a place is followed by the letter E for the east and W for the west.

12. When the Prime Meridian of Greenwich has the sun at the highest point in the sky, all the places along this meridian will have mid-day or noon.

13. In India, the longitude of 82­° E (82° 30 'E) is treated as the standard meridian. The local time at this meridian is taken as the standard time for the whole country. It is known as the Indian Standard Time (IST).

14. India located east of Greenwich at 82°30'E is 5 hours and 30 minutes ahead of
GMT. So it will be 7:30 p.m. in India when it is 2:00 p.m. noon in London.

15.In Russia, there are as many as eleven standard times. The earth has been divided into twenty-four time zones of one hour each. Each zone thus covers 15° of longitude.